Let me introduce myself. My name is Ayako Takeshita. I was born in Ryonan
Town, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan on February, 18 1982
I am a first year student at Kagawa Juniar College in Japan.
My major is Elderly Care Social work.
My hobbis are watching TV and lisning music and driving car.
I like eating are tofu and udon and kimuchi -nabe very much.I
like visiting Kyoto City in Japan.
Kiyomizudera, Kinkakuji, Gion, very beautyful. My dream is
living in Kyoto.
My hobby is watching movie.like action movie very much.Especially a favorite
movie is a "matrix." It was excited for cool performance of Keanu Reeves of
starring.
Japan's boast is the four seasons. Repeatedly, it is cheerful and all
lives are full of life in spring. a cherry tree -- blooming --he goes out for
cherry blossom viewing It talks together, eating under a cherry tree with food
and alcohol. It is a fresh green season in summer. Sea bathing, a summer
festival, and people enjoy themselves. Autumnal leaves dye mountains in autumn.
A Pacific saury, a matsutake chestnut, a sweet potato, etc. are the delicious
seasons of food. The event of the New Year and the eve of the beginning of
spring occurs in winter. The New Year is the beginning of the new year. It goes
to a shrine to visit and I celebrate the new year.I am impressed very much, when
touching the four seasons of Japan. When feeling business of natural greatness
and human being, I am very proud of it being a Japanese.
My Home page address ishttp://www.geocities.co.jp/CollegeLife-Labo/4001/2004/003013.html
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Sayaka Kaji
Itsumi Muguruma
Chiaki Hirose@Miku Tojo
Kana Takeuchi Kumi Tomiie
Tsuyoshi Ogami
Masaya Nakamura Yuta Sakai
Web Searches
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Activities for ESL Students
English-Japanese Vocabulary Quizzes
http://alink3.uic.to/user/rikiltudo.html
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The web
organized by topic into categories.
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My Favorite Region
Quoted from the Shikoku Bilingual Guidebook by Akiko
Takemoto and Steve McCarty
PREFACE
Visiting or living in Sikoku is something special , for this
island has always been the spiritual sanctuary of the Japanese
people. No other place in Japan has been visited by so many generations
of people from all over the country.
They have often spent more than 60 days walking along the
whole circuit of the eighty-eight temples that compose the longest
, oldest and most popular pilgrimage in Japan.
Even those who have arrived here in weariness of life, in
unhappiness or weak health, have usually left the island with
a ligfter heart , more enlightened, and in many cases in improved
health.
Though today the island is quite accessible and traveling
around it can be very easy, some of the eighty-eight temples still
remain very hard to reach.
This pilgrimage circling the island is nationally known as
O-Sikoku -san, showing that " Dear old Shikoku Prigrimage"
is synonymous with this island and provides sanctuary to the soul
of Japan.The scenes along the Shikoku Pilgrimage correspond well
to whjat Shikoku offers -- the Seto Island Sea, the Uwa-kkai Sea-
the Pacific Ocean, the green mountains that crown a large part
of the island , cosy little towns and middle-sized cities that
fringe the coasts.
Its climate is mild ;the seas are bountiful; the land is fertile.
Naturally lovcal people have been content with their blessed island,
even if it has remained underveloped since the 8th century. Until
then the northern coast of Shikoku was among the first areas to
enjoy civilization in Japan, as proved by so many archaeological
findings.
Remote as it was for many centuris, however, Sikoku did not
stand aloof but observed movements on the Island Sea as an artery
of Japan' s cultural , political and economic development. On
thje oyher hand, Shikoku 's unique attractions such sa the Sikoku
Pilgrimage, Kompira worship and the Dogo Onsen Hot Spring spa
have always drown a large number of people from the capitals and
other parts of the main islamnd of Honshu and neighboring Kyushu.
Naturally those visitors brought something new with them each
time, just as refugees and exiles from the capitals added color
to the island' s history. They were welcomed and something the
culture they brought here was carefully preserved or developed
even long after being forgotten in its techniques. There cultural
assets now peculiar to Shikoku have added another dimension rewarding
travelers to this island.
A new type of attradtion in Sikoku is the fruit of modern technology
that the waves of development have finally brought here in the
1980' s and 90' s --the colossal bridges connecting Shikoku with
the main islands, pleasure resorts, there parks, museums , skyline
drives and relatively inexpensive golf courses. So the charm of
Shikoku can rightly be mondernity, nature and art.
Last but not least is a spiritual climate of Shikoku that has
produced people like the father of the Shikoku Pilgrimage, who
is often credited as a father of Japanese culture, the man who
aired the idea of the Seto Ohashi Bridge, and two young men who
turned out to be most instrumental in carrying out the modernization
of Japan, opening Japan' s door to the world as an independent
nation. They were all rare cosmopolitans in Japanesew history.
There must have been something inspiring on this island.
We hope this guidebook willb help you enjoy Shikoku , and Japan
herself seen throught Shikoku, finding inspiration of your own
by traveling around this small but great island. Bon Voyabe!
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Kukai / Shikoku Pilgrimage
THE SHIKOKU PILGRIMAGE
The pligrimage known as Shikoku Henro or O-Shikoku
-san is the oldest and most famous in Japan. circumambllating
the island via the 88 Buddhist temples designated as the Sacred
Places of Shikoku is meant to follow the trail kobo Daishi (kukai)
walked in his youth for ascetic practice, searching for the Truth.
That is why the acthentic pligrims go on foot
as the great saint did long ago. It takes about 60 days to hike
the 1,647 km, going deep into rugged mountains, pludding along
sandy beaches, rocky coasts, through fields and hills, villages
and towns. Indeed, it is a walking Zan.
The Shikoku Pilgrimage is nonsectarian, thrugh
Kukai was tha founder of tha Shingon sect of Japanese Buddhism.
Pilgrims seem to forget their Buddhist sects in worshiping kobo
Daishi who stands far beyond factionalism. Not all of the 88 temples
are of the Shingon sect, either. It is impossible to discuss this
pilgrimage without recounting the life of Kukai.
The Life of Kukai
Mao (kukai) was born in 774 in what is now Zentsuji City,
the seat of Zentsu-ji temple the 75 th sacred Plase of Shikoku,
as the third son of Saeki Yoshimichi, the Lord of the County.
The boy Kukai was so bright and gifted that his parents expected
him to go into government service, the most respected profession
at the time. When he was 15, he studied with his maternal uncle,
a great Confucianist and tutor to one of the Emperor's sons.
At 18, he entered the university and studied hard. But soon
he was disappointed with the curriculum offered there -- the principles
of government, history, poetry, filial piety and loyalty. What
he has been searching for was the ultimate truth.
Then he happened to meet a Buddhist monk, who taught him to
practice a meditation called Kokuzo-gumonjiho --to invoke Kokuzo,
a deity of space whose wisdom is as vast as space, through mantra-reciting
one million times according to the proper method -- which was
to enable his to acquire a phenomenal memory of teachings and
principles. This made him choose Buddhism and the priesthood rather
than Confucianism and bureaucracy. He left the university. It
was a very hard on the tradition and expectations of his own clan.
Yet he had to.
For many years he applied himself alternately to the intense
study of Buddhist texts and to meditation deep in the mountains.
At 19, in a cave at Cape Murota, the southeastern tip of Shikoku
Island, he finally succeeded in attaining enlightenment through
performing Kokuzo-gumonjiho. What he had been seeing all the while
was the sky and the sea -- the Pacific Ocean. In memory of this
great moment, he desided to call himself Kukai -- Sky and Sea.
At 24, he finished Sango Shiiki, a drama in which he compared
the three principles he had already mastered -- Confucianism,
Buddhism and Taoism -- to demonstrate the supremacy of Buddhism.
It was his final declaration of turning to Buddhism.
Yet Kukai was not satisfied with the Buddhism of those days
in Japan. He was searching for something like the unity of the
Buddha's teachings Then he found the sutra that presented the
Buddha Mahavairocana as idealizing the truth of the universe.
But there were passages so mysterious that no one in Japan could
tell him anything about them. So he decided to go China. At 31
he succeeded in accompanying the envoy to T' ang China.
At the Chinese Capital, Ch' ang-an, the greatest cosmopolitan
city at that time, he met Abbot Hui-kuo, the 7th patriarch of
Esoteric Buddhism, who had already had no less than one throusand
disciples. The moment he set eyes on the young man from Japan,
the abbot knew he was the very person he had long been waiting
for as his successor. All those years of hard study and ascetic
practices had brought him so close to his Chinese mastar that,
after three months of study under the abbot, Kukai was ordained
as the 8th patriarch of Esoteric Buddhism.
At the end of the year (805) , Abbot Hui-kuo passed away.
Before his dealth, he had told Kukai to return to Japan as soon
as possible to spread the teachings to increase the happiness
of the people there. But how could he return soon? There were
18 years before another Japanese mission was to come to China.
. .
Then the Emperor of the T' ang Dynasty died and a Japanese
delegation came to Ch' ang-an to attend his funeral. Kukai was
allowed to join their return journey. It was fortunate for the
Japanese to have him back so soon, considering his great avhievements
in the ensuing years. In fact it was not until 34 years later
that another envoy seat to China returned to Japan. Three years
earlier Kukai had passed away.
After 16 months in Ch' ang-sn, Kukai brought home from China
247 scrolls of precious sutras, 44 scrolls of Sanskrit mantras
and stotras, 170 scrolls of scriptural commentraries, 9 kings
of ritual implements, and a number of religious images and objects.
There must have also been some Chinese works of literature, language,
medicine, colligraphy and art. It is generally believed that Kukai
introduced measures and rules, Chinese-type medicines, of making
Indian ink and writing brushes, and of building Chinese temples,
bridges and embankments. He and process it, to use coal and petrol,
and to make Chinese cakes and candies.
He brought all these things to firmly take root in the soil
of Japan ,greatly raising her religious and cultural standard,
until at last she begin to produse her own Buddhism and her own
culture. This acconts for why Kukai is often credited as a father
of Japanese cuiture.
In fact, the first things to firmiy take root in the soil
of Japen was to reread all those enormous volumes of sutras, trying
to unite the two kinds of esoteric Buddhism --Kongokai ( the spiritual
principle ) and Taizokai (the physical principle ) --into one.
Thus he finally created a new esoteric Buddhism which he called
the Esoteric Buddhism which he called the Esoteric Buddhism of
Shingon.
Kukai was also fortunate enough to have the Emperor Saga,
a scholar, poet and admirer of advanced culture from the Continent,
as his patron and longtime friend. He was grndted possession of
Mt. Koya in Kii (Wakayama Pref.) , where he founded a monastic
center for students of meditation. It was also his spiritual home,
where he wrote mary books of immense value, one of which was Jujushinron
in which he examined all the philosophies and religion known at
that time in the Eastern world, comparing them with his own Esoteric
Buddhism of Shingon.
Later the Emperor presented him with a state temple, Toji
in Kyoto, sa his headquarters in propagating his Esoteric Buddhism
of Shingon. It focuses on this life, saying that men and women
have the seed of Buddhahood within them, and that by following
its precepts and practices, anyone can achieve enlightenment in
this lifetime.
Then Kukai founded the first school in Japan open to the poor
as well as to the rich. A dictionary in 30 volumes which he compiled
for the pupils there was the first of its kind in Japan.
It is widely believed that Kobo Daishi invented hiragana (
the Japanese phonetic syllabary ) and created katakana ( another
syllabary ) throught his knewledge of Sanskrit. Until then, reading
and writing were restricted to scholars and aristocrats who could
spend years learning thousands of Chinese characters. Now kana
syllabaries enabled even common people to write their language
phonetically. Noblewoman also took up kana, producing fine novels,
essays, diaries and poems. It was with kana that Lady Murasaki
wrote perhaps the world' s first great novel, The Tale of Genji.
There are about 3,000 folktales and legends about Kobo Daishi
( Kukai ) told and retold all over commanded such devotion. Many
pf the tales are about how he saved people by bringing forth a
spring, the crippled ability to walk, and so on. These stories
are based on the fact that he never tired of putting the profound
ideas of his religion into practice to bring happiness to people.
After his passing away in 835, those who believed in his nyujo
or entering into a plane of meditation, began to make the rounds
of his memorial places in Shikoku. This is considered to be the
origin of the Shikoku Pilgrimage. Even today formal priglims will
start from Koyasan, and after making the cricuit of 88 temples,
will return to Koyasan via Temple No.1, just as the first disciples
of Kobo Daishi did long ago.
In 921 the man who called himself Priest Kukai was posthumously
canonized as Kobo Daishi. "Daishi " means " Great
Saint ", a title bestowed by the Imperial Count upon Buddhist
priests of the highest virtue. " Kobe " means "
to spread widely the Teachings." There are 23 saints who
have been conferred the title of Daishi. But as a popular saying
goes: "Kobo made off with the title of Daishi." That
is, when one speaks of the Daishi there is no question whom one
means. Yet in Shikoku people often call this saint of saints "O
- Daishi - san" as if he were one of their neighbors, revealing
their affectionate love of him and their belief that he is still
here.
How to Make the Shikoku Pilgrimage
Usually the pligrimage is made clockwise.
But some people deliberately make a counterclockwise cricuit as
Emon Saburo did until he finally succeeded in maating the Daishi.
The number 88 represen ts the number of evil passions identified
by Buddsist doctrine, and ideally it is believed that one can
get rid of all evil passions by visiting each of the 88 temples.
In that sense, visiting even one temple is better than none.
Temple No.1 is where pilgrims are given the
Buddhist Ten Commandments to follow at least during yhe Pilgremage:
Do not kill. Donot steal. Do not commit adultery. Do not tell
a lie. Do not use flowery language. Do not speak ill of others.
Do not be double - tongued. Do not be covetous. Do not be angry.
Do not be perverse.
Some temples are comperatively accessible.
But many of them are located in or atop mountains or in remote
villages, as Kukai chose such places for his ascetic practices.
Until only about 20 years ago, some temples were really hard to
reach, though nowadays newly-built roads and ropeways have made
less forbidding.
The most authentic pilgrims go on foot all
the way, spending about two months, because walking is colosent
to following in the Daishi's footsteps. Some young people go by
bicycle or motorbike. Some family groups drive their cars, while
others hire a taxi. Still‚ others ride the nearest
trains,buses and ropeways to the temple on their own ( 20 days
or more are required). Nowadays many people like to join the conducted
bus tours ( 12 days :about yen 170,000 including 3 meals a day).
Reservations are necessary.
Traditionally there are two pligrimage seasons,
spring and autumn, with the equinoxes as the climax, when pilbrims
are generously presented with o-settai ( free gifts of food and
drink ) by local people at the temples. But all yera round visitors
are seen at the temples.
People usually go in sportswear or everyday
clothes, in sneakers and sun visors. But not a few wear the formal
costumes of Shikoku Pilgrims -- the sedge hat, the wooden staff,
the while suit and pouches, all bearing their motto writeen in
calligraphy ( dogyo ninin ) meating "Daishi and I , going
together " or ( Namu Daishi Henjo Kongo ) meating "
I put my faith in Daishi , the Universal Adamantine I11uminator.
"
Of all the equipment, the most important is
the staff. It is not just for practical use when one hikes along
rugged paths in the mountains, but it is a holy symbol of the
Daishi himself. So pilgrims always treat it with utmost care and
reverense.
In former days the same staff became one's
grave post if one died on the way, as was often the case in those
days when everyone had to walk all the way. That is why the top
of the staff is designed like a Buddhist grave post. In fact,
the white suit itself was and still is nothing but death garments.
If the tample has a bell tower, one is expected
to strike the bell announcing one's arrival to the temple divinitins
and Kobo Daishi. The multi - storied pagodas are derived from
Buddha's tombs one should visite at least two halls -- the main
hall housing the principal image and the Daishi - do Hall dedicated
to the Daishi. One may drop a coin into the grate - covered offering
boxes placed in front of the halls. Pilgrims offer their osamefuda
paper name card at each hall. White osanefuda are used by those
on their first to ninth prigrimage, red for the tenth to nineteenth,
silver for the twentieth to twenty - ninth and gold for the thirtieth
and more.
Most prilgrims go to an office called Nokyo
- sho in or around the main hall to have the temple's signature
inscribed in fine calligraphy and its vermilion seal stamped in
their album or scroll or on their which jacket ( about Yen 2oo
) . In this area there are maps showing how to get to the nearest
temples.
Accommodations are adequate in or around the
temples ( Yen 4,000 or so a night with two meals ) . Of the 88
temples, 46 have their own ladges for prigrims. For the prigrimage
season, reservetions at least a week in adavance are necessary
; at often times one is expected to call on the previous day.
There are also minshuku, Kokumin Shukusha, Youth Hostels or prilgrims'
inns available near almost all the 88 temples.
For details on bus tours, call the following : Iyo Tetsudo
Inc. : 790 Matsuyama-shi Misato-machi ( 0899 ) 48- 3311
Kotohira Sangu Inc. : 763 kagawa-ken Marugame-shi Nakabu-cho
Telephone- ( 0877 ) 22-2151
Tokushima Bus Inc. : 770 Tokushima-shi Terajima Hon-machi
Telephone- ( 0886 ) 53-7110
Kochi-ken Kotsu Inc. : 780 Kouchi-shi Ikku Telephone-no.3
( 0888 ) 45-1611
In former days begging was an important part of the Sikoku
Pilgrimage as asceticpractice. Eevn the rich of high rank had
to beg from time to time. That tradition did enable even the penniless
to make a pilgrimage, living on donations or what is calld o-settai
from local people.
There was a custom of zengon-yado or giving a pilgrim free
bed and board. In the evening a child of the house was sent out
to the nearest temple to pick up one or two pilgrims to take in
that night. All the host expected from them was a piece of osamefuda
name card, for he was doing it for Daishi himself.
A Guide to the 88 Temples
Note : Information that follows # is for pedes trians.
Informations that follows ! shows the simplest
Way to arrive at the temple though not directly from the previous
temple.
Temple No.1 Ryozen-ji 779-02 Tokushima-ken Naruyo-shi Pligrims'
Lodge Telephone (0886) 89-1111 # 1km north of JR Bando.
Temple No.2 Gokurak-ji 772 Tokushima-ken Naruto-shi Pligrims'
Lodge Telephone (0886) 89-1112 # 1.4 km west of No.1
Temple No.3 Konsen-ji 779-01 Tokushima-ken Itano-cho Pligrims'
Lodge Telephone (0886) 72-1087 # 2.5 km west of No.2 0.6 km northeast
of JR Itano
Temple No.4 Dainichi-ji Telephone (0886) 72-1225
779-01 Tokushima-ken Itano-cho # 4.7km west of No.3 1.3km
north of rakan Bus Stop after a 10 minute ride from JR Itano (
Tokushima Bus bound for Kajiyabashi )
Temple No.5 Jizo-ji Telephone (0886) 72-4211
779-01 tokushima-ken Itano-cho Rakan # 1.8 km southwest of
No.4
Temple No.6 Anraku-ji 771-13 Tokushima-ken kamiita-cho Prigrims'
Lodge Telephone (0886) 94-2946 # 5.2 km west of No.5 Close to
Rokuban mae Bus Stop after a 20 minute ride from JR Itano ( JR
Bus bound for Kamojima : 3 times a day )
Temple No.7 Juraku-ji 771-15 Tokushima-ken Donari-cho Pligrims'
Lodge Telephone ( 0886) 95-2150 # 1.1 km west of No.6 0.2 km Nanaban
Fudasho mae Bus Stop after a 3 minute ride from Rokuban Fudasho
mae ( JR Bus :Yamate Line ).
Temple No.8 Kumadani-ji Telephone (0886) 95-2065
771-15 Tokushima-ken Donari-cho # 4.3 km northwest of No.7
1.8 km from Awa Yoshida Bus Stop after a 3 minute ride from Nanaban
Fudasho mae ( JR Bus bound for Kamojima).
Temple No.9 Horin-ji Telephone (0886) 95-2080 Tokushima-ken
Donari-cho # 2.8 km southwest of No.8 0.6 km from kyuban Fudasho
mae Bus Stop after a 5 minute ride from Kumadani-ji mae ( JR Bus
bound for kamojima via Horinji : once a day )
Temple No.10 Kirihata-ji Telephone (0883) 36-3010 771-16 Tokushima-ken
Ichiba-cho # 4 km west of no.9 4.5 km from Kirihata-ji mae Bus
Stop after a 9 minute ride from Kuban Fudasho mae ( JR Bus :Yamate
Line ).
Temple No.11 Fujii-dera Telephone (0883) 24-2384 776 Tokushima-ken
Kamojima-cho # 9.1 km south of No.10 3km southwest of JR Komajima
( Tokushima-Line) after a 24 minute bau ride from Kiriharta-ji
mae Bus Stop ( JR Bus :Yamate Line ).
Temple No.12 Shozan-ji 771-34 Tokushima-ken Kamiyama-cho Pligrims'
Lodge telephone (0886) 77-0112 # 16.8 km south of No.11 via the
pligrim's path. 4.4 km via a mountain path after a 1 hour 25 minute
bus ride from JR Tokushima ( Tokushima Bus bound for Shoza-ji
).
Temple No.13 Dainichi-ji 771-31 Tokushima-shi Ichinomiya-cho
Pligrima's Lodge telephone (0886) 44-0069 # 30 km east of No.12
An hour ride from mae ( Tokushima Bus bound for JR Tokushima :
3 times a day ).
Temple No.14 Joraku-ji Telephone (0886) 42-0471 779-31 Tokushima-shi
Kokubu-cho # 2.2 km north of No.13
Temple No.15 Kokubun-ji Telephone (0886) 42-0525 779-31 Tokushima-shi
Kokubu-cho # 0.8 km north of No.14
Temple No.16 kannon-ji Telephone (0886)42-2375 779-31 Tokushima-shi
Kokubu-cho # 1.4 km north of No.15
Temple No.17 Ido-ji 779-31 Tokushima-shi Kokubu-cho Pilgrims'
Lodge telaphone (0886) 42-1961 # 3 km north of No.16 2 km from
hayabuchi bus Stop after a 4 minute ride from kannonji Kita (
Tokushima Bus bound for JR Tokushima ). ! A 20 minute walk from
JR Fuchu ( Tokushima Line).
Temple No.18 Onzan-ji 773 Tokushima-ken Komatushima-shi Pligrims'
Lodge Telephone (0885) 32-1114 # 19.6 km south of No.17 A 10 minute
bus ride from JR Komatsushima (Mugi Line) to Onzanji mae Bus Stop
(Komatsushima Shiei Bus).
Temple No.19 Tatue-ji 773 Tokushima-shi Pligrims' Lodge Telephone
(0885) 37-1019
# 4.7 km southwest of No.18 0.4km from Tatsue Nishi after
a 10 minute ride from Onzanji ,ae Bus Stop a 15 minute walke from
Onzan-ji ( Komatsushima Shiei Bus bound for Tachiki or Kaibara).
! 0.4 km north of JR Tatsue ( Mugi Line ).
Temple No.20 kakurinji 771-43 Tokushima-ken Katuura-cho pligrims'
Lodge Telephone (0885)42-3020 # 20 km northeeast of No.19 ! 4.7
north of Ikuna Bus Stop after a 30 minute ride from Minami Chitosebashi,
a 3 minute walk from JR Minami Komatsushima ( Tokushima Bus bound
for Yokose ).
Temple No.21 Tairyu-ji (0884)62-2021 771-51 Tokushima-ken
Anan-shi # 7 km south of No.20 An hour and a half hour's walke
and climb from Omatsu Gongen mae Bus Stop after a 30 minute bus
ride from Tomioka near JR Anan ( Mugi Line ) ( Tokushima Bus bound
for Kamabani ).
Temple No.22 Byodo-ji 779-15 Tokushim-ken Anan-shi Pligrims'
Lodge Telephone (0884)36-2023 # 13 km southwest of No.21 ! 2 km
from JR Aratano (Mugi Line).
Temple No.23 Ykuo-ji 779-23 Tokushima-ken Hiwasa-cho # 22.5
km south of No.22 Telephone (0884)77-0023
Temple No.24 Hotsumisaki-ji 781-71 Kochi-ken Morato-shi Youth
Hostel & Pligrims' Lodge telephone ( 0887)23-0024 # 86 km
south of no.23
Temple No.25 Shinsho-ji 781-71 kochi -ken Muroto-shi Pilgrims7
Lodge Telephone (0887)22-0288 # 6.1 km northwest of no.24 0.5
km north of Muroto Bus Stop after a 15 minute ride from higashi-dera
Noboriguchi ( Kochi-ken Kotsu bus bound for kochi).
temple no.26 Kongocho-ji 781-71 kochi-ken muroto-shi pilgrims7
lodge (0887) 22-0378 # 5 km northwest of no.25 2.7km from motohashi
Bus Stop
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